Hyaluronic Acid – an Extraordinarily Versatile Vital Substance

Author

H. Häusler

Hyaluronic acid (synonym: Hyaluronan, HA) is an important

component of the human skin. It is synthesized with the help

of the enzyme hyaluronate synthase (HAS) by fibroblasts of

the dermis and epidermis. As the main component of the extracellular

matrix it also occurs in other types of the human

connective tissue.

Chemically speaking, hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan

(Fig. 1). Its basic structure is a disaccharide of about

400 Dalton which is composed of D-glucuronic acid and

N-acetylglucosamine linked together through alternating

beta-1,4- and beta-1,3 glycosylic bonds. The specific basic

structure and high packing densities are responsible for the

fact that HA has a gel-like consistency in water.

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