Hyaluronic Acid – an Extraordinarily Versatile Vital Substance

H. Häusler

Hyaluronic acid (synonym: Hyaluronan, HA) is an important
component of the human skin. It is synthesized with the help
of the enzyme hyaluronate synthase (HAS) by fibroblasts of
the dermis and epidermis. As the main component of the extracellular
matrix it also occurs in other types of the human
connective tissue.
Chemically speaking, hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan
(Fig. 1). Its basic structure is a disaccharide of about
400 Dalton which is composed of D-glucuronic acid and
N-acetylglucosamine linked together through alternating
beta-1,4- and beta-1,3 glycosylic bonds. The specific basic
structure and high packing densities are responsible for the
fact that HA has a gel-like consistency in water.
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