Introduction

Skin lesions not only have negative social and psychological ramifications on both men and women but may also cause irritation, discomfort, burn and even pain. Uneven skin tone, pigmentation, fine lines and wrinkles as well as scaling and flaky skin are all considered signs of imperfect skin, but one of the more permanent types of skin damage is skin lesions that may potentially lead to severe scarring. These scars are typically punctured deep and can only be removed through a series or combination of clinical procedures.

Even to a less severe extent, skin lesions may leave skin with temporary pigmentation, marks and blemishes. If appropriate treatment is not applied on the damaged skin site, skin lesions, especially those resulting from inflamed acnes, may leave large surface of skin rough and bumpy. Besides naturally occurring skin damage, there are numerous clinical procedures, such as laser treatment, skin needling or microdermabrasion, aiming at weakening or destroying the stratum corneum or slightly deeper skin layer to trigger the innate rejuvenating and healing mechanism of skin. This post-procedure skin undergoing dermabrasion or laser treatment is slightly inflamed on the surface and typically sensitive, as the skin barrier was dwindled and enfeebled. Regardless of the perpetual tendency for human to pursue beauty defined by flawless skin or the contemporary concept of wellness and healthy living, the marks and scars as well as the weakened, damaged or disfigured surface left on the skin instigate negative psychological impacts and sequelae in the forms of embarrassment, impaired self-image, low self-esteem or even anxiety. Therefore, soothing and repairing weakened skin as well as damaged skin has been an important area for cosmetic development.